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16 skills
Equal shares: halves, thirds, fourths
Find equal shares before naming halves, thirds, and fourths. The parts must have equal area, even when their shapes differ.
Unit fractions
A unit fraction names one equal part of a whole. Connect words such as sixth to a fraction such as 1/6.
Read and build fraction models
Read a shaded model and build a model from a fraction. Keep track of the whole, the equal parts, and the selected parts.
Fractions on a number line
A fraction has a position on a number line. Find the unit, count equal spaces, and mark the distance from zero.
Whole numbers as fractions
Count fractional parts across complete wholes. One whole can be 4/4, and three wholes can be 12/4.
Equivalent fractions with models
Split the parts of a model without changing the amount selected. The fraction name changes, but its value stays the same.
Compare fractions with a common numerator or denominator
Use two comparison strategies: count parts of the same size, or compare the size of the same number of parts.
Make equivalent fractions
Rename fractions by splitting or grouping equal parts. Change the numerator and denominator together to keep the value.
Compare unlike fractions
Compare fractions with different numerators and denominators. Use a helpful benchmark or rename them with a shared part size.
Decompose fractions
Break a fraction into a sum in more than one way. Keep the size of each part and check that the total stays the same.
Add and subtract like fractions
When the denominators match, the parts have the same size. Add or subtract the number of those parts.
Mixed numbers with like denominators
Connect mixed numbers to fractions greater than one. Then use that connection to add or subtract, regrouping a whole when needed.
Estimate fraction sums and differences
Use 0, one half, and one whole to reason about a result before calculating. A useful estimate checks the size of an answer.
Add and subtract unlike fractions
Rename different-sized parts before combining them. A common denominator lets you count parts of the same size.
Mixed numbers with unlike denominators
Use common denominators for the fractional parts and keep track of the wholes. Regroup only when the calculation needs it.
Fraction addition and subtraction word problems
Turn a story into a fraction calculation. Choose the operation, estimate, solve, and explain what the answer measures.